System Design βοΈ System design component checklistSystem design is a critical aspect of building scalable and efficient software systems. Understanding the key components involved in system design can help in architecting robust and maintainable solutions. Here are the primary components:
System design component checklist PDF Version:
Client-Side Components :
Web Clients : Browsers and web applications.
Mobile Clients : Android, iOS applications.
Server-Side Components :
Web Servers : Serve static and dynamic content to clients.
Application Servers : Handle business logic and application services.
Database Servers : Store and manage data.
Databases :
Relational Databases (SQL) : Structured data storage with relationships (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL).
NoSQL Databases : Flexible schema for unstructured data (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra).
Cache :
In-Memory Cache : Speed up data retrieval (e.g., Redis, Memcached).
Content Delivery Network (CDN) : Distribute content to users globally with minimal latency.
Load Balancers :
Distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure high availability and reliability.
Message Queues :
Enable asynchronous communication between services (e.g., RabbitMQ, Apache Kafka).
API Gateways :
Act as an entry point for clients to interact with backend services, handling request routing, rate limiting, and security (e.g., NGINX, Kong).
Microservices :
Independently deployable services that communicate over APIs, allowing for modular and scalable system architecture.
Service Discovery :
Automatically detect and manage microservices in a dynamic environment (e.g., Consul, Eureka).
Configuration Management :
Centralized management of configuration settings for consistency and ease of updates (e.g., etcd, Consul).
Monitoring and Logging :
Monitoring : Track system performance and health (e.g., Prometheus, Grafana).
Logging : Collect and analyze logs for debugging and auditing (e.g., ELK Stack - Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana).
Authentication and Authorization :
Authentication : Verify user identity (e.g., OAuth, JWT).
Authorization : Control user access to resources (e.g., RBAC, ABAC).
Scalability and Reliability :
Horizontal Scaling : Add more servers to distribute the load.
Vertical Scaling : Add more resources to existing servers.
Redundancy : Duplicate critical components to avoid single points of failure.
Backup and Disaster Recovery : Ensure data integrity and availability in case of failures.
Networking :
DNS : Resolve domain names to IP addresses.
Firewalls and Security Groups : Control access to network resources.
DevOps and CI/CD :
Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) : Automate code integration, testing, and deployment (e.g., Jenkins, GitLab CI).
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) : Manage infrastructure using code (e.g., Terraform, Ansible).
Data Processing :
Batch Processing : Process large volumes of data in batches (e.g., Hadoop).
Stream Processing : Process data in real-time as it flows through the system (e.g., Apache Flink, Apache Storm).
Analytics and Reporting :
Generate insights and reports from collected data to drive decision-making (e.g., Google Analytics, Tableau).
By integrating these components effectively, you can design systems that are scalable, reliable, and maintainable, meeting the demands of modern applications and user expectations.